Lipomas
  • This information was developed by GMR Web Team.
  • This information is intended only to provide general guidance. It does not provide definitive medical advice.
  • It is important that you consult your doctor about your specific condition.

Lipoma

Skin growths are common conditions that may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) developing in any part of your body. This article will explore one such benign nodule- “Lipoma.” Lipomas are slow-growing, non-cancerous, fatty lumps of tissues that grow in your body tissues between your skin and the underlying muscle layer. These are often found in the arms, forehead, neck, back, shoulders, or thighs but can be found anywhere in the body. Lipomas are freely movable nodules that are soft to the touch and rarely cause pain. These lumps usually do not require any treatment except for periodic monitoring. However, if they press against a nerve or blood vessel running through it, causing severe pain and discomfort, then they require medical intervention. 

Read on to explore more about these harmless fatty tissues to understand this skin growth better! 

What is a Lipoma?

A lipoma is a small (usually 2 inches in diameter) round or oval-shaped lump of fat that grows in your body’s soft tissues, just beneath your skin. It is generally harmless, even though it is classified as a tumor. Lipomas can appear anywhere in the body but are often found in your back, arms, neck, shoulder, or thighs. These lumps move easily, feel rubbery when touched, and do not spread to the surrounding tissues. 

Lipomas are common skin growths that often appear between 40 and 60. However, they can also develop at a younger age. Lipomas affect people of all genders, but they are more likely to develop in women. 

What are the Types of Lipoma?

There are several types of lipomas based on their content and the extent to which they involve the skin layers: 

According to the content of the lipomas

Conventional

Conventional lipomas contain white fat cells that are responsible for storing energy.

Angiolipoma

Angiolipoma contains many blood vessels along with fat cells and is often painful.

Fibrolipoma

  • Lipoma contains fat cells and fibrous tissues and may feel harder than a conventional lipoma. 
  • Neural fibro-lipomas are overgrowths of fibro-fatty tissue along a nerve trunk, leading to nerve compression.

Hibernoma

  • Hibernoma contains brown fat cells instead of matured white fat cells.
  • Brown fat cells generate heat and are responsible for regulating body temperature.

Myelolipoma

These rare lipomas contain fat and tissues that produce blood cells and resemble bone marrow.

Spindle Cell

These lipomas contain fat cells that are longer than they are wide.

Pleomorphic

These lipomas have fat cells of varying shapes and sizes. 

Atypical Lipoma 

These types of lipomas have deeper fat tissues with large numbers of cells.

According to the extent

Superficial Subcutaneous Lipomas

These types of lipomas lie superficially, just below the skin.

Chondroid Lipomas

These are deep-seated lipomas that are firm and appear yellowish. 

What Causes Lipomas?

The exact cause of lipoma is unknown. However, it is believed that lipomas can be inherited genetically if a parent, sibling, or close family member has one. Lipomas may also develop in areas with a significant impact from an injury.

Some conditions may also form multiple lipomas in different areas of your body. These include:

Gardner Syndrome 

It is a rare condition characterized by soft-tissue tumors, osteomas (non-cancerous tumors of bone tissues), and colonic nodules.

Dercum's Disease/ Andre’s Syndrome 

It is a rare disorder characterized by multiple painful growths of lipoma, most often on the trunk, arms, and legs. 

Madelung's Disease 

  • It is a rare disorder of lipid storage that results in abnormal accumulation of fat tissues around the neck, shoulders, hips, and thighs.
  • It is also known as Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis and is most often seen in men with increased alcohol consumption.

Hereditary/Familial Multiple Lipomatosis

It is an inherited disorder characterized by the slow growth of fatty nodules on the trunk and thighs.

Cowden Syndrome

It is a genetic disorder that features multiple, non-cancerous, tumor-like growths.  

What Are the Symptoms of Lipomas?

Often, you may not have any noticeable symptoms associated with lipoma if they are deep-seated. However, subcutaneous lipomas may exhibit the following symptoms. 

Encapsulated 

Lipomas that are confined to a particular area and do not spread to the tissues surrounding them.

Painless

Most lipomas are painless unless they press against a nerve or a blood vessel or develop near a joint.

Morphology

  • The fatty lumps are round or oval-shaped and are soft and rubbery to the touch.
  • These are often small, measuring 2 inches in diameter. However, in some cases, they can be larger than 6 inches wide.

Moveable

They lie under your skin layer and move freely when you touch them with a slight finger pressure. 

How is a Lipoma Diagnosed?

Lipomas can be easily detected by their clinical appearance. However, to diagnose a deep-seated lipoma, your doctor may perform the following: 

A Physical Exam

  • Your doctor will palpate the area of concern to check for any lump or nodule.
  • The size and mobility of the lump will be evaluated accordingly.

Biopsy

  • This test involves removing a tissue sample from the area around the lump and analyzing it in a lab under a microscope.
  • A biopsy test helps to rule out malignancy.

Imaging Tests

  • These include ultrasound scans, CT (computed tomography) scans, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to differentiate between a lipoma and a cyst.
  • These imaging tests also help to determine the exact location and extent of the lipoma.

How is Lipoma Treated?

Most lipomas do not require any treatment except for periodic monitoring. However, treatment may be necessary if the lipoma is cosmetically bothering you, growing rapidly, or causing pain and discomfort due to nerve compression. Your doctor may recommend the following treatment options: 

Surgical Excision

This procedure involves removing the lipoma surgically using a curette (surgical instrument) through enucleation (removing the lipoma as a whole tissue).

Liposuction

This procedure involves the removal of the fatty tissues using a large needle and syringe through aspiration.

Conclusion

Lipomas are common, slow-growing fatty lumps that develop in areas like the arms, neck, back, shoulders, and thighs. Though not painful, they can be annoying and unsightly. Often, these lumps do not require any treatment, but if they cause pain and you are concerned about their size and location, consult your doctor. Your doctor may remove the lipoma through excision or liposuction. Once removed, these fatty tissues rarely grow back.