fungal infection
  • This information was developed by GMR Web Team.
  • This information is intended only to provide general guidance. It does not provide definitive medical advice.
  • It is important that you consult your doctor about your specific condition.

Fungal Infections

An abnormal invasion and growth of germs in your body is known as infection. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms. This informative blog will highlight fungal infections caused by fungi or yeast. These infections usually affect your skin, hair, nails, or mucous membranes. However, they can also affect other organs like your lungs, kidneys, liver, etc. Anyone can get fungal infections, but people with other health conditions like diabetes, HIV, or cancer are more prone to develop the infection. Most fungal infections are not serious or life-threatening and can be easily treated through antifungal medications. 

Keep scrolling to learn more about fungal infections, their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. 

What Are Fungal Infections?

Fungal infections are also known as mycosis. These are diseases caused by a fungus (yeast or mold) that are most commonly seen developing in the skin, hair, and nails. However, they can also cause infections in the mouth, throat, lungs, liver, urinary tract, and many other parts of the body. 

Fungi are living things that live naturally in your body but can outgrow under certain circumstances. They can easily move around and spread by passing out or sending spores (reproductive parts of fungi) into the air or environment. 

What Are the Types of Fungal Infections?

Several types of fungal infections have been noted based on the areas in which they affect. These can be classified into:

Superficial Fungal Infections

  • These infections affect your nails, skin, and mucous membranes like the mouth, throat, or vagina. 
  • Examples include:
  • Ringworm

        Tinea pedis or athlete's feet (affecting the feet)

        Jock itch (groins and inner thigh)

        Tinea Capitis (scalp)

        Tinea manuum (hands)

        Tinea barbae ( facial hair)

  • Onychomycosis

    Affect your fingernails and toenails 

  • Candidiasis 

    Affects the skin and mucous membranes

  • Tinea versicolor

    The yeast Malassezia affects the skin 

Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  • You may get a fungal infection under your skin surface. 
  • Examples include:

Sporotrichosis 

Chromoblastomycosis 

Eumycetoma 

Deep Fungal Infections

  • These infections are found in places other than your skin. 
  • They commonly develop in your lungs, blood, brain, or urinary tract. 
  • Examples include:

    Histoplasmosis

    Valley fever 

    Blastomycosis

    Aspergillosis

    Candidal urinary tract infection 

    Invasive candidiasis

    Pneumocystis pneumonia 

    Mucormycosis 

    Cryptococcosis 

What Causes Fungal Infections?

Yeasts, molds, and other types of fungi cause fungal infections. Some common fungi-causing diseases include the following:

  • Dermatophytes
  • Candida
  • Environmental fungi 

How Does Fungal Infection Spread?

The fungi can spread easily through the following ways:

  • From damp public places like pools, shower areas, and locker rooms
  • Through a break in your skin
  • Injury 
  • From breathing fungus from your environment (soil or dust)
  • Due to certain medications that favor the growth and spread of certain fungi 
  • From direct contact with an infected person or an animal

What Are the Symptoms of Fungal Infections?

Symptoms of fungal infections depend on the type of infection and the area of your body affected. 

Symptoms of Superficial or Subcutaneous Infection

  • Severe itching and soreness with a red rash around the affected area
  • Discolored, thick, cracked nails 
  • Pain while eating 
  • Loss of taste 
  • White patches in the mouth or throat
  • A lump under your skin, which is usually painless 

Symptoms of Deep Fungal Infections (Lungs)

  • Cough
  • Coughing up blood occasionally
  • Shortness of breath
  • Tiredness 
  • Fever 
  • Muscle aches 
  • Joint pain
  • Headaches 
  • Night sweats 

Fungal Infection Around Your Brain

  • Headache 
  • Fever 
  • Neck pain 
  • Nausea 
  • Vomiting
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Confusion

Fungal Infection of Your Eye

  • Pain in the eye 
  • Redness 
  • Tearing 
  • Discharge from the eye
  • Blurred vision 
  • Sensitivity to light 

Fungal Infection of Your Intestine

  • Abdominal pain 
  • Nausea 
  • Vomiting

Fungal Infections of Your Sinuses 

  • Fever 
  • Nasal congestion 
  • Headache 
  • One-sided swelling 
  • Face pain 

How is a Fungal Infection Diagnosed?

Your dermatologist can identify a fungal infection based on the signs and symptoms. Your doctor may recommend a culture test using the following samples:

  • Skin or the affected tissues 
  • Nails 
  • Blood 
  • Sputum
  • Urine
  • Secretion from your eyes
  • Vaginal discharge 

Furthermore, you may be advised to get the following imaging tests for deep fungal infections affecting the internal organs:

  • X-rays 
  • MRI
  • CT scan 

How is Fungal Infection Cured?

Your doctor may treat fungal infections with the help of antifungal medications. This depends on the type of condition and the location where it develops. 

To treat fungal disease, your doctor may prescribe antifungal drugs in the form of:

  • Oral pills
  • Topical creams, lotions, and powder
  • Mouthwash or lozenges 
  • Medicated shampoo
  • Eye drops
  • Intravenous infusion that is delivered directly into the vein

How Can You Prevent Fungal Infections? 

Practicing good personal hygiene and protecting yourself from the environmental fungi. Follow the below-mentioned tips to prevent fungal infections:

  • Take a shower if you sweat excessively or when you get dirty.
  • Do not leave your skin damp.
  • Avoid walking barefoot in public areas like showers, pools, and locker rooms.
  • Wear clean, dry, cotton underwear and panties.
  • Take care of your teeth and mouth.
  • Clean and use contact lenses after consulting your eye doctor
  • Take antibiotics only when prescribed by your doctor. Taking antibiotics for too long can cause the fungi to outgrow, causing infection.
  • Do not share your belongings like towels, soap, or comb with others.
  • Wear protective clothing when working with soil. 
  • Wipe gym equipment before and after using it.

Conclusion 

Fungal infections are common but can be uncomfortable or even painful. Depending on the type of infection and the areas of your body affected, it may take days, weeks, or months to treat them. Seek help from a dermatologist who can diagnose fungal infections and recommend an appropriate treatment plan that works best for you. 

FAQs

1. Are fungal infections contagious?

Superficial fungal infections like ringworm are highly contagious and may spread from person to person through direct contact. However, deep fungal infections affecting organs like the lungs and brain are not contagious. 

2. How long does a fungal infection take to heal?

It may take a few days for the symptoms of a fungal infection to go away. Redness and itchiness may go away after a few days of treatment. Skin discoloration and scaliness may take up to a few weeks to completely heal.

3. Will fungal infection go on its own?

Fungal infection requires treatment and usually does not go away on its own. Leaving the infection untreated may result in the spreading or worsening of the symptoms.