Bacterial Infections (e.g; Cellulitis, Impetigo, Staph Infection, Furuncles, etc.)
  • This information was developed by GMR Web Team.
  • This information is intended only to provide general guidance. It does not provide definitive medical advice.
  • It is important that you consult your doctor about your specific condition.

Bacterial Infections

Bacteria are microscopic single-cell microorganisms (microbes) present around us. Most are harmless and helpful, while many can cause diseases. These organisms can multiply abnormally and release harmful toxins, causing infection and diseases affecting your skin, lungs, brain, blood, and other body parts. There may be several forms of bacterial infections. Still, the common ones include UTIs (urinary tract infections), food poisoning, STIs (Sexually transmitted infections), and some forms of skin, sinus, and ear infections. Early detection is crucial and paves the way for effective treatment. Often, bacterial infections are treated through conservative methods and antibiotics. 

 This informative blog will explore bacterial infections, their causes, mode of spread, different forms, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 

What is a Bacterial Infection? 

Bacterial infection is any illness or disease caused by abnormal bacterial growth or proliferation that releases harmful toxins. Bacteria can enter your skin, gut, lungs, brain, heart, blood, or other body parts. Bacterial infection can vary in intensity depending on the type of bacteria attacking your body. The infection can range from mild to moderate to severe forms. 

What is Bacteria?

Bacteria are single-celled, complex microorganisms that can multiply quickly. There are millions of bacteria living around you and also within your body as well. Most often, bacteria are harmless and helpful, such as the food bacteria in your gut that maintain a balance and equilibrium. They aid digestion and kill other harmful bacteria that invade your body. 

However, some bacteria may be harmful, which may enter your body, causing infection and disease.

What Are the Types Of Bacterial Infection?

Bacteria can cause various infections based on the mode of transmission and the part of your body it infects. Some common types of bacterial infections include:

Bacterial GI infections

  • Clostridioides difficile
  • Helicobacter pylori 

Bacterial Respiratory Infections

  • Bacterial pneumonia
  • Tuberculosis 

Bacterial Skin Infections

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • Vibrio vulnificus 

Genital Bacterial Infections

  • Bacterial vaginosis 
  • Syphilis
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia 

Food Poisoning 

  • Salmonella 
  • Escherichia 

What Causes Bacterial Infections?

Bacterial infections are caused by different strains of bacteria by transmission or spread. Bacteria, after entering your body, can attack your immune system, which may trigger an inflammatory reaction. 

Common modes of bacterial spread or transmission include:

  • Airborne: When droplets are expelled by an infected person while sneezing, coughing, or laughing.
  • Contaminated water or food: When bacteria is spread through contaminated water and undercooked food. 
  • Contaminated objects: Bacteria can easily cling to surfaces of objects.
  • Insect bites: Ticks and lice can carry several bacteria that may enter your body and spread the microorganisms.
  • Sexual contact with an infected person: Syphilis and gonorrhea are bacterial infections that are easily transmitted through sexual contact.

What Are the Common Symptoms of a Bacterial Infection?

Symptoms of bacterial infections usually depend on the site affected in your body. These include:

Generalized Symptoms

These are common symptoms that may affect everyone. 

  • Fever 
  • Chills
  • Fatigue or tiredness 
  • Headache 
  • Body pain 

Localized Symptoms

These symptoms may affect a particular organ or tissue in your body. 

Skin

  • Redness or swollen skin
  • Blisters, ulcers on the skin surface 

GI Tract

  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain and cramps
  • Bloating
  • Nausea and vomiting 

Lungs 

  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Excess sputum 
  • Wheezing 
  • Chest discomfort

Brain (Meningitis)

  • Neck stiffness 
  • Increased photosensitivity
  • Nausea or vomiting 
  • Confusion 

Blood (Septicaemia)

  • High-grade fever
  • Weakness 
  • Increased sweating 
  • Low blood pressure

Heart ( Endocarditis)

  • High fever 
  • Night sweats
  • Chest pain
  • Breathing difficulty
  • Muscle and joint pain 

Urinary Tract or Genitals 

  • Burning sensation during urination
  • Penis or vaginal discharge
  • Urgent need to urinate 
  • Painful intercourse 

How Are Bacterial Infections Diagnosed?

Your doctor can diagnose bacterial infections based on your:

  • Symptoms 
  • Medical history
  • Family history
  • Lifestyle habits 

Your doctor will further evaluate the area or part being affected to check for any swelling, tenderness, or skin changes. Furthermore, you will be ordered to undergo a few diagnostic tests that can help confirm a bacterial infection. These include the following:

Laboratory Tests

  • Blood culture 
  • Phlegm or sputum test
  • Skin biopsy
  • Urine test
  • Stool test 
  • Fluid or secretion test (from the eyes or brain)

Imaging Tests

  • X-rays
  • Ultrasound scans 
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
  • CT scan (computed tomography)

How Are Bacterial Infections Treated?

Most often, you may not require any treatment for bacterial infections since they may resolve after a few days or weeks. But if your body cannot fight off infections due to poor working of your immune system, your doctor may recommend any of the following treatment options. This solely depends on the type of bacterial infection and the severity of your symptoms. 

Supportive Conservative Care

  • Your doctor may provide pain-relief medications such as NSAIDs (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs). These medications help ease pain, fever, swelling, and discomfort associated with bacterial infections.
  • Depending on the intensity, coughs can be resolved through antitussives (medications used to treat coughs).
  • IV (intravenous) fluids may be recommended if you suffer from dehydration. 

Antibiotic Therapy

  • This is the most recommended and effective method of treating bacterial infections.
  • Your blood culture reports can help determine your doctor to choose the best antibiotic based on the type of bacteria causing the infection.
  • Antibiotics can be taken through different modes based on the part of your body affected. These modes include:
  • Topically 
  • Orally 
  • Through IV therapy

Drainage 

Bacterial infections that lead to an abscess often require a procedure known as “drainage” to drain the pus. This is often used in combination with antibiotic therapy. Superficial abscesses may require a minimally invasive drainage procedure, but deeper abscesses may require extensive surgical intervention. 

How Can You Prevent Bacterial Infections?

Bacterial infections can be easily prevented by following the below-mentioned guidelines:

  • Practice good hygiene, which includes good hand-washing habits, wearing clean clothes, and not sharing your items with others.
  • Keep wounds clean and cover them to prevent bacteria from entering your body through cuts or wounds.
  • Get yourself vaccinated with vaccines that include tetanus, whooping cough, and diphtheria. 
  • Store food properly and heat meat and poultry thoroughly to kill bacteria. Wash your fruits and vegetables before eating. 
  • Use a condom during sexual intercourse.
  • Use appropriate sprays to protect yourself from lice, bed bugs, and ticks. 

Takeaway 

Bacteria exist all around us. They help us with digestion and protect our bodies from harmful invaders. But they can cause harm if present in the wrong place! Bacterial infections can be a nuisance, causing an array of symptoms. Though they are not dangerous, they can be life-threatening if left untreated. Consult your doctor if you notice any symptoms to ensure you know how to manage a bacterial disease.